Anti-Aging & Longevity Peptides — Research Database

CJC-1295

CJC-1295 is a 29-amino acid synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), structurally based on the first 29 amino acids of native GHRH with four...

Preclinical and Phase I/II human trials completed demonstrating GH/IGF-1 elevati

Ipamorelin

Ipamorelin is a selective synthetic pentapeptide growth hormone secretagogue, developed as part of a major chemistry program targeting GHRP analogs. Unlike olde...

Well-characterized in preclinical and early clinical studies. Not FDA-approved a

Sermorelin

Sermorelin is a synthetic 29-amino acid peptide that represents the shortest fully functional fragment of endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). It...

FDA-approved historically (Geref) for pediatric GH deficiency diagnosis. Current

Epithalon

Epithalon (also spelled Epitalon) is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) that replicates the activity of Epithalamin, a natural polypeptide extract from ...

Extensive preclinical data (cell culture, rodents, invertebrates). Preliminary h

Thymosin Alpha-1

Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a 28-amino acid peptide naturally secreted by the thymus gland that plays a central role in T-cell maturation, differentiation, and im...

Approved drug (Zadaxin/Thymalfasin) in many countries. Ongoing Phase III trials

GHK-Cu

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring tripeptide copper complex (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) first identified in human plasma in the 1970s. It functions as one of the...

Extensive preclinical and clinical dermatological data. Multiple topical formula

IGF-1 LR3

IGF-1 LR3 (Long R3 IGF-1) is a synthetic 83-amino acid analog of human IGF-1, engineered with two modifications: a 13-amino acid N-terminal extension and a glut...

Widely used as a research tool in muscle biology. Not FDA-approved. Banned by WA

SS-31

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a synthetic aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide designed specifically to target and protect mitochondria. Its structure enables rapid penetra...

Currently in clinical trials for heart failure (PRIMETIME study), primary mitoch

MOTS-c

MOTS-c is a 16-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded by a short open reading frame within the 12S rRNA gene of mitochondrial DNA. It is one of ...

Preclinical data primarily in mice and cell culture. Growing human observational

Humanin

Humanin is a 21-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded by the 16S rRNA region of mitochondrial DNA. It was the first MDP discovered, originally ...

Preclinical (cell culture, C. elegans, rodents). Human observational studies sho

5-Amino-1MQ

5-Amino-1MQ is a small-molecule methylquinolinium derivative that functions as a selective inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), an enzyme that ...

Preclinical only (cell culture and mouse models). Growing clinical interest. No

Pinealon

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide bioregulator (Glu-Asp-Arg) classified as a cytogen — a peptide that directly interacts with DNA to modulate gene expression r...

Preclinical and Russian clinical research. Developed by Khavinson's group in St.

Vilon

Vilon is a synthetic dipeptide (Lys-Glu) bioregulator developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson from amino acid analysis of Thymalin, a natural thymus extract w...

Russian preclinical and limited clinical research. Part of the Khavinson peptide

Thymulin

Thymulin (facteur thymique sérique, FTS) is a nonapeptide hormone produced exclusively by thymic epithelial cells, characterized by its unique zinc-binding requ...

Russian and European preclinical research. Phase I/II explored in various immune

Thymogen

Thymogen is a synthetic dipeptide (Glu-Trp) bioregulator derived from the thymus and representing another member of the Khavinson peptide family. It combines gl...

Russian preclinical and clinical research. Khavinson peptide bioregulator group.

NAD+ Peptide Complex

While NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is technically a coenzyme rather than a peptide, it is a central component of peptide therapy protocols targeting...

IV NAD+ therapy widely used in wellness clinics. NMN/NR oral supplements have Ph

Copper Peptide GHK

GHK (Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is the copper-free form of the GHK-Cu complex naturally present in human plasma, saliva, and urine. Serum levels decline dramat...

Extensive in vitro and animal data. Human cosmeceutical studies show skin improv

Matrixyl (Pal-KTTKS)

Matrixyl (palmitoyl pentapeptide-4, Pal-KTTKS) is a lipophilic pentapeptide conjugate representing a fragment of the type I procollagen C-propeptide (KTTKS, res...

Multiple randomized clinical trials completed (cosmeceutical grade). Not FDA-app

Epitalon (Extended)

See Epithalon entry for core data. In the context of sleep physiology, Epithalon's primary pineal mechanism involves restoration of circadian melatonin release ...

Russian clinical research (Khavinson). Not FDA-approved. Research-grade use.

MK-677 (Ibutamoren)

MK-677 (ibutamoren) is a potent, orally active, non-peptide GHS-R1a (ghrelin receptor) agonist that mimics ghrelin to stimulate pulsatile growth hormone secreti...

Multiple Phase II clinical trials completed. Not FDA-approved as a prescription

Carnosine

Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide (β-alanyl-L-histidine) found in high concentrations in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and neuronal tissue. It is a multif...

Extensively studied in vitro and animal models. Human studies for exercise perfo

Thymalfasin (Thymosin Alpha-1 Clinical)

Thymalfasin is the pharmaceutical-grade, synthetic form of thymosin alpha-1 (Tα1), marketed under the brand name Zadaxin. It is approved in over 37 countries fo...

Approved in 37+ countries. Extensive phase III data for hepatitis B/C. COVID-19

SHuffle Peptide (Elamipretide Context)

The Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptide class, developed by Hazel Szeto and Peter Schiller, represents a family of cell-permeable, mitochondria-targeted aromatic-cation...

SS-31 (elamipretide): Phase II/III clinical trials for heart failure and Barth s

Parathyroid Hormone 1-34 (Teriparatide)

Teriparatide (Forteo) is a synthetic 34-amino acid N-terminal fragment of human parathyroid hormone (PTH) representing the biologically active portion of the fu...

FDA-approved 2002. Extensive Phase III and post-marketing data. Treatment limite

Thymosin Beta-4 Sulfoxide (TB4-SO)

Thymosin beta-4 sulfoxide (TB4-SO) is the naturally occurring oxidized form of Thymosin Beta-4 generated by methionine-6 oxidation. Unlike the reduced parent co...

Preclinical. Research tool defining TB4 oxidation product biology. Not developed

Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)

Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is a 70-amino acid single-chain growth factor structurally homologous to insulin, primarily synthesized in the liver in res...

Native IGF-1: well characterized; diagnostic biomarker for GH disorders. Mecaser

Abaloparatide

Abaloparatide (Tymlos) is a 34-amino acid synthetic analog of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP(1-34)) with modifications that confer improved selectiv...

FDA-approved 2017. Phase III ACTIVE trial data established efficacy. Post-market

Anti-Aging & Longevity