Selank

Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide developed by the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is based on a fragment of immunoglobu...

Registered as a drug in Russia. Extensive Russian clinical and preclinical liter

Semax

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from a fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH 4-7) with an added Pro-Gly-Pro stabilizing tripeptide. Developed ...

Registered pharmaceutical in Russia. Extensive preclinical and Russian clinical

DSIP

Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide (DSIP) is a natural nonapeptide originally isolated from rabbit cerebrospinal fluid in 1977. It was initially characterized for its...

Preclinical and limited clinical research. Studies in insomnia, chronic pain, an

Humanin

Humanin is a 21-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded by the 16S rRNA region of mitochondrial DNA. It was the first MDP discovered, originally ...

Preclinical (cell culture, C. elegans, rodents). Human observational studies sho

Dihexa

Dihexa is a synthetic small peptide derived from angiotensin IV, developed at Washington State University as a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mimetic. It has de...

Preclinical data only (rodent models). Potent but no human clinical trials publi

Cerebrolysin

Cerebrolysin is a lipid-free neuropeptide preparation produced by standardized enzymatic breakdown of purified porcine brain proteins. The resulting mixture of ...

Approved drug in multiple countries (Europe, Asia) for stroke, TBI, dementia. No

P21

P21 (also called P021) is a synthetic tetrapeptide derived from the CNTF (ciliary neurotrophic factor) binding interface and designed to mimic neurotrophic sign...

Preclinical data primarily in cell culture and rodent models. Research ongoing a

Davunetide

Davunetide (NAP, NAPVSIPQ) is an 8-amino acid neuroprotective peptide derived from the activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP). It was first identifie...

Phase II clinical trials completed for schizophrenia and PSP (progressive supran

FGL

FGL is a 15-amino acid peptide synthesized from the interconnecting loop region of the second fibronectin type III module in the extracellular domain of the neu...

Phase I clinical trial completed for safety and pharmacokinetics. In clinical de

Pinealon

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide bioregulator (Glu-Asp-Arg) classified as a cytogen — a peptide that directly interacts with DNA to modulate gene expression r...

Preclinical and Russian clinical research. Developed by Khavinson's group in St.

Cortagen

Cortagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) bioregulator developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson based on amino acid analysis of cortexin, a polype...

Russian preclinical research primarily. Khavinson peptide family. Not FDA-approv

Substance P

Substance P is an 11-amino acid neuropeptide belonging to the tachykinin family, functioning as a key neurotransmitter and neuromodulator involved in pain signa...

Extensively studied. NK1 antagonists (aprepitant) FDA-approved for chemotherapy

Cerebrolysin Peptide Fraction

Individual peptide fractions within Cerebrolysin preparation include components that mimic BDNF, GDNF, NGF, and CNTF activity. Research has identified specific ...

Research context primarily. Understanding of Cerebrolysin fractions guides pepti

PACAP (Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide)

PACAP is a 38-amino acid neuropeptide (with a shorter 27 AA form) belonging to the secretin/glucagon/VIP superfamily. It is one of the most potent known neuropr...

Extensive preclinical data. PAC1 receptor variants associated with PTSD suscepti

CGRP (Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide)

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide produced by alternative splicing of the calcitonin gene, expressed abundantly in trigemin...

CGRP itself: extensively characterized research peptide. Anti-CGRP antibodies: F

Carnosine

Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide (β-alanyl-L-histidine) found in high concentrations in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and neuronal tissue. It is a multif...

Extensively studied in vitro and animal models. Human studies for exercise perfo

Noopept

Noopept (GVS-111) is a synthetic dipeptide-derived nootropic compound that acts as a prodrug for cycloprolylglycine (CPG), an endogenous neuropeptide that modul...

Approved prescription medication in Russia for cognitive disorders. Research che

Dihexa

Dihexa (PNB-0408) is a small hexapeptide derived from angiotensin IV that exhibits extraordinarily potent synaptogenic activity—reportedly 10 million times more...

Preclinical only. Human pharmacokinetics and safety not yet formally established

Cortistatin

Cortistatin is a neuropeptide related to somatostatin that is expressed predominantly in cortical interneurons. Unlike somatostatin, cortistatin binds with high...

Predominantly preclinical. Animal models of inflammatory disease show significan

NAP (Davunetide) Extended Notes

NAP (NAPVSIPQ) represents a critical bridge between VIP-based neuroprotection and practical clinical peptide therapeutics. The discovery that a single 8-amino a...

Phase II/III clinical trials completed for PSP (2012). Phase II for schizophreni

PE-22-28

PE-22-28 is a synthetic pentapeptide analog of spadin, a naturally occurring peptide derived from the pro-region of the NTSR3/sortilin receptor. Spadin was iden...

Preclinical only (in vitro and rodent models). No human clinical trials yet comp